R162 , R171, R172 Here's a small list of studies published on scientific Magazines/Journals regarding Brain and gender/sex and transgenderism. I'm sure you are familiar with them, since you're so knowledgeable, "DEAR".
Bao, Ai-Min, and Dick F Swaab. “Sexual Differentiation of the Human Brain: Relation to Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation and Neuropsychiatric Disorders.” Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 32, no. 2 (April 2011): 214–26.
Luders, Eileen, et al. “Regional gray matter variation in male-to-female transsexualism.” Neuroimage 46.4 (2009): 904-907.
Nuttbrock, Larry, et al. “A further assessment of Blanchard’s typology of homosexual versus non-homosexual or autogynephilic gender dysphoria.” Archives of sexual behavior 40.2 (2011): 247-257.
Cahill, L. Why Sex Matters for Neuroscience. Nature Neuroscience Reviews, 2006; 7, 477-484.
Cahill, L. Fundamental sex difference in human brain architecture. PNAS (USA), 2014, 111, 577-578.
Ingalhalikar, M et a., Sex differences in the structural connectome of the human brain, PNAS (USA), 2014; 111, 823-828.
De Vries, G , Sex Differences in Adult and Developing Brains: Compensation, Compensation, Compensation, Endocrinology 2004, 145, 1063-1068.
Duarte-Carvajalino, J et al., Hierarchical topological network analysis of anatomical human brain connectivity and differences related to sex and kinship, NeuroImage, 2012; 59, 3784-3804.
Jahanshad, N et al., Sex Differences in the human brain connectome: 4-Tesla angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) tractography in 234 adult twins, Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro, IEEE International Symposium, 2011, 939-943.
Jazin, E and Cahill, L. Sex Differences in Molecular Neuroscience: From Drosophila to Humans. Nature Neuroscience Reviews, 2010; 11: 9-17.
Gong, G and Evans, A., Brain Connectivity: Gender makes a difference, The Neurowcientist, 2011, 17, 575-591.
Levine, S. Sex differences in the brain. Scientific American 1966; 214, 84-90.
(The study below concerns Alzheimers and why it is important to differentiate the male/female gender while analyzing brain activity). Cribbs, D et al., Extensive innate immune gene activation accompanies brain aging, increasing vulnerability to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration: a microarray study, Journal of Neuroinflammation, 2012; 9, 179.
(The studies below highlight that there's a big difference between the brain hemispheres in activating the X chromosome only in females and the consequences of complete inactivation of X chromosome also only in women and the effects of the Y chromosome in the brains of males exclusively ).
Wu, H. et al., Cellular Resolution Maps of X Chromosome Inactivation: Implications for Neural Development, Function, and Disease, Neuron, 2014; 81, 103-119.
Nadaf, S et al., Activity map of the tammar X chromosome shows that marsupial X inactivation is incomplete and escape is stochastic, Genome Biology, 2010; 11, 1-18.
Kopsida, E. et al., The role of the Y chromosone in brain function, Open Neuroendocrinol J, 2009 ; 2: 20-30. doi:10.2174/1876528900902010020.
So, here is a tiny list of evidence to suggest that brains are different between sexes and that real trans people most likely than not are only the ones with dysphoria (though not conclusive yet).
In case you're wondering why I have such list, I'm married to a (hot) neuroscientist.
I'm neither transgender nor a trans-hater, though I do understand that Identity Politics is taking over the LGBT community and there is a political push to inflate the numbers of transgender people who aren't actually trans (those regretting their transition). That doesn't stop the reality trans people ARE real and most likely than not, according to current science the difference is in the brain, as the list above suggests.
You're welcome.
